Call Merging Fraud 2025: How It Works & How to Protect Yourself
10 April, 2025
Synopsis
Call merging fraud is a financial fraud where fraudsters trick victims into merging calls, leading them to unknowingly share OTP, which is then used to steal money.
This fraud is highly effective as it exploits a basic phone function, catching even tech-savvy individuals off guard.
To stay safe, avoid merging calls with unknown numbers, verify caller identities and report suspicious activity to the cybercrime helpline (1930).
Imagine receiving a casual phone call that seems harmless, only to find out later that your Bank Account security has been compromised and your money is gone within seconds. Sounds scary, right? Well, that’s exactly what’s happening with the phone call merging fraud. Fraudsters have found a clever way to get around the usual fraud prevention measures, like One-Time Password (OTP) theft. In this article, you can get information on what this fraud is about, how it works, and how you can protect yourself.
Why is the Call Merging Fraud Dangerous?
Unlike phishing frauds that use fake emails or websites, the call merging fraud exploits a basic phone function. Many victims fail to recognise it as fraud and unknowingly comply with the fraudster’s instructions. The precise timing of the OTP request makes it highly effective, even for tech-savvy individuals.
Understanding the Process of Call Merging Fraud in India
Call merging fraud is a new and deceptive form of cyber fraud that’s catching people off guard. Unlike traditional frauds involving phishing emails or fake websites, this tactic relies on something as simple as a phone call to bypass security measures. Here’s how it unfolds:
The Unexpected Call
The process begins with an unexpected call from an unfamiliar individual. The caller may claim to have obtained your contact information through a mutual acquaintance or present an enticing offer, such as an exclusive event invitation or a promising financial opportunity. Their primary objective is to establish trust and lower your defenses from the outset.
The Merging Request
Next, the caller informs you that a "friend" is attempting to contact you from another number and requests that you merge the calls. This may seem harmless, especially if you have previously used call merging for legitimate conversations with friends or family.
The OTP Trap
When you merge the call, you’re not actually connecting to a friend. Instead, you’re linked to an automated call from your bank delivering an OTP for a transaction you didn’t initiate. The fraudster’s timing is highly accurate, making it feel like part of the chat. Believing it to be legitimate, you may unknowingly read out the OTP during the merged call, granting the scammer access to your account.
Money Gone
With the OTP in their possession, the fraudsters swiftly authorize a transaction, draining funds from your account. By the time you realize what has happened, your hard-earned money is already gone.
Case Study: Understanding the Fraud in Action
Priya, a dedicated teacher from Mumbai, receives a call from a man claiming that her friend Ravi has shared her number. He explains that Ravi is trying to reach her from a new number and requests that she merge the calls. Trusting the story, Priya complies.
During the conversation, she receives an OTP on her phone. Assuming it is unrelated, she unknowingly reads it aloud. Moments later, ₹10,00,000 is withdrawn from her account. Shocked, Priya immediately contacts her bank and reports the fraud to 1930. However, by then, the scammers have already disappeared.
Had Priya verified the caller's identity with Ravi before merging the call, she could have prevented the financial loss.
How to Protect Yourself from Call Merging Fraud?
Given the increasing frequency of this fraud, it is essential to remain cautious and take preventive measures:
Avoid Merging Calls with Unknown Numbers: Do not merge calls with unfamiliar individuals. Always verify the caller’s identity independently.
Verify Claims About Mutual Friends: If someone claims a friend provided your number, contact that friend directly to confirm.
Do Not Share OTPs Over Calls: Banks never ask for OTPs over the phone. Treat any such request as a red flag.
Report Suspicious OTP Requests: If you receive an OTP for a transaction you did not initiate, report it to your bank immediately.
Stay Informed: Keep yourself updated on mobile security best practices through official sources.
What to Do If You Fall Victim to Call Merging Fraud?
If you suspect that you have been targeted by this fraud, act quickly:
Contact Your Bank: Request immediate blocking of unauthorised transactions. Change your banking passwords and PINs.
Report the Incident: Call the Cybercrime Helpline (1930) or visit cybercrime.gov.in to file a complaint.
Monitor Your Bank Statements: Check your Bank Account regularly for any unauthorised transactions. If any further suspicious activity is detected, inform your bank immediately.
Be Aware of Fraudsters and Protect Your Money Now!
Staying vigilant is the best way to safeguard your bank account from sophisticated frauds like call merging fraud. If you suspect any fraudulent activity, choose to report it immediately by calling the helpline number-1930 or visiting cybercrime.gov.in. Additionally, stay updated on financial fraud alerts by joining Vigil Army-send ‘Hi’ on 72900 30000 via WhatsApp to stay informed.
*Disclaimer: Terms and conditions apply. The information provided in this article is generic in nature and for informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for specific advice in your own circumstances.
